May 09, 2024  
College Catalog 2023-2024 
    
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College Catalog 2023-2024 [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Courses

 

Geology
  

  • GEOL 255 - Structural Geology

    This course focuses on recognizing and interpreting the significance of geologic structures in the Earth’s outermost layers. Discussions focus on the formation of major rock fabrics (e.g., fractures, joints, faults, shear zones, folds, foliation/cleavage, and lineations) from microscopic (thin section) to regional (mountain belt) scales.  Problem sets use graphical techniques to solve structural problems. This course also provides an introduction to map interpretation and mapping techniques. Three hours lecture and three hours lab per week. Local and regional field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEOL 160  and GEOL 165 ; GEOL 250  recommended but not required. Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 260 - Geomorphology

    Geomorphology is the study of physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur on the surface of a planetary body. We will be examining the processes that turn solid rock into transportable material, the transport mechanisms themselves (whether beneath glaciers, down hillslopes, or in rivers), and the patterns of deposition, many of which are unique to the processes that created them. These processes range from the very large (volcanism and mountain-building) to the microscopic (frost cracking of rock, soil creep, and chemical weathering along mineralogic grain boundaries). Some processes occur frequently across geographic boundaries and throughout geologic time (like rainsplash), while others are stochastic in nature and dramatic in their geomorphic signature (like glacial outburst floods). We will focus on the roles of rivers, glaciers, and mass movements in shaping landscapes, but will examine wide-ranging landscapes such as arid environments and coastal regions. The study of current surface processes on the Earth will be examined with an eye toward understanding the evolution of landscapes over geologic timescales. Prerequisite(s):   or   or permission of instructor. Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 265 - Sedimentology/Stratigraphy

    This course focuses on sedimentary rocks and the stratigraphic record. Topics covered include the origin and classification of sediments and sedimentary rocks (siliciclatic and carbonate), sedimentary structures (physical and biogenic), diagenesis, facies models, and basin analysis. Students are introduced to the principles and practice of stratigraphy. Emphasis is placed on the interpretation of ancient sedimentary environments. Three hours lecture and three hours lab per week. Field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEOL 160 , GEOL 165 , and GEOL 250 ; or permission of the instructor. Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 294 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 300 - Paleobiology

    This course surveys the long history of life, as recorded by the fossil record. Students are introduced to the morphology and paleoecology of the major fossil groups (invertebrates and vertebrates) through discussions, labs, and readings. Students also learn the methods used to study the paleobiology and evolution of extinct organisms. Three lectures and one three-hour lab per week. Local field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEOL 165  or permission of the instructor. Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 302 - Petrology and Geochemistry

    This course focuses on the classification, occurrence, and origin of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Emphasis will be placed on the relationships between lithology, geochemistry, and tectonic setting. Laboratory exercises include hand specimen identification, thin-section interpretation, textural analysis, major and trace element modeling, SEM/EDS and XRF analysis. Students participate in a semester-long research project on a local geological feature. Three hours lecture and three hours lab per week. Field trips. Prerequisite(s): GEOL 250 . Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 303 - Surface/Groundwater Hydrology

    Hydrology is the study of physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur as water interacts with the earth. In this course we will focus on the near-surface cycling of water and the physical processes that drive this motion. We will discuss the dynamics of water as it flows across the surface of the landscape, moves through channels, and passes into the shallow subsurface. Open channel flow, hydrographs, floods, and arid region water scarcity will be the focus of the first portion of the course. The bulk of the course will look at the flow of water through permeable, saturated media, heterogeneity of flow, and several equations used to describe flow dynamics in aquifers. Flow through fractured and karst systems will be discussed. Importantly, we will spend time on the methods used by scientists and engineers (and consultants!) to understand the details and timescales of groundwater flow: wells, slug tests, pump tests, and geochemistry. Contaminant transport via groundwater flow will be examined in case studies. The use of quantitative tools such as calculations, numerical modeling, and estimation will be used to better understand the dynamics of water transport on our planet.  Prerequisite(s): Any 100-level geology lab course. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 304 - Tectonics

    This course will provide an overview of processes responsible for the formation, deformation, and destruction of Earth’s lithosphere. The class will combine perspectives from several geoscientific disciplines to address issues pertinent to plate tectonic processes. The laboratory component of the course will focus on developing good scientific writing and presentation habits. A 3-hour lab accompanies the course. Prerequisite(s): GEOL 160  . Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 360 - Paleoclimate

    Cross-Listed as ENVI 360  
    Earth’s climate has evolved with the planet itself as changing boundary conditions in the ocean, atmosphere, cryosphere and lithosphere have caused ice ages, periods of extreme warmth and mass extinctions. Information about these events is contained in the geologic record in the form of fossils and rock sequences, but also in lake and ocean sediments, ice sheets, cave deposits and tree rings. This course will provide an overview of variations in climate throughout Earth history while simultaneously examining the proxies and archives used to reconstruct those changes. We will also construct our own record of paleoclimate using cores from a local lake and a variety of laboratory techniques. Prerequisite(s): ENVI 240 , ENVI 150  or GEOL 160  . Every other spring. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 394 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 400 - Capstone Research Methods

    Geology majors and minors conducting research in the geosciences frequently utilize a variety of analytic and other laboratory equipment. This course provides students with guidance, mentorship and hands-on experience using the equipment and analytic tools they require to conduct their capstone and independent research projects. Students may take this course during any semester they are conducting research. S/N grading only. Offered occasionally. (1 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 416 - Seminar in Vertebrate Paleobiology and Evolution

    Cross-Listed as BIOL 416  
    This course delves into the evolutionary history and paleobiology of vertebrates. We’ll explore the 500-million year history of the group, and employ that framework to investigate originations and extinctions, innovative vertebrate body plans, and the functional changes associated with the invasion of new habitats. From mouths to jaws, jaws to ears, arms to wings, and fins to legs (and back again), we’ll investigate living vertebrates as analogues of fossil organisms and integrate discoveries in paleontology, geology, and molecular and developmental biology. The class will include periodic field trips to the Science Museum of Minnesota’s Paleontology Collections and hands-on paleobiological research. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 180 , GEOL 165 , or GEOL 300 ; junior senior standing; or permission of instructor. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 494 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 601 - Tutorial

    Closely supervised individual or small group study with a faculty member. A student may explore, by way of readings, short writings, etc., an area of study not available through the regular catalog offerings. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 602 - Tutorial

    Closely supervised individual or small group study with a faculty member. A student may explore, by way of readings, short writings, etc., an area of study not available through the regular catalog offerings. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 603 - Tutorial

    Closely supervised individual or small group study with a faculty member. A student may explore, by way of readings, short writings, etc., an area of study not available through the regular catalog offerings. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 604 - Tutorial

    Closely supervised individual or small group study with a faculty member. A student may explore, by way of readings, short writings, etc., an area of study not available through the regular catalog offerings. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 611 - Independent Project

    Independent study of geologic problems or preparation of senior research thesis. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Junior or senior standing and permission of the instructor and department chair. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 612 - Independent Project

    Independent study of geologic problems or preparation of senior research thesis. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Junior or senior standing and permission of the instructor and department chair. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 613 - Independent Project

    Independent study of geologic problems or preparation of senior research thesis. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Junior or senior standing and permission of the instructor and department chair. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 614 - Independent Project

    Independent study of geologic problems or preparation of senior research thesis. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Junior or senior standing and permission of the instructor and department chair. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 621 - Internship

    Work that involves the student in practical off-campus experience. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 622 - Internship

    Work that involves the student in practical off-campus experience. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 623 - Internship

    Work that involves the student in practical off-campus experience. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 624 - Internship

    Work that involves the student in practical off-campus experience. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 631 - Preceptorship

    A student works with a faculty member in the planning and teaching of a course. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 632 - Preceptorship

    A student works with a faculty member in the planning and teaching of a course. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 633 - Preceptorship

    A student works with a faculty member in the planning and teaching of a course. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 634 - Preceptorship

    A student works with a faculty member in the planning and teaching of a course. The department chair will determine if this course may be applied toward the major. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 641 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 642 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 643 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GEOL 644 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (4 Credits)

German
  

  • GERM 101 - Elementary German I

    Emphasizing the active use of the language, this course focuses on vocabulary and structural acquisition as a way to develop elementary proficiency in speaking, reading, writing, and comprehension. Students both develop facility with German in highly structured contexts through work with authentic texts and become familiar with a variety of contemporary German-speaking cultures. Students will work with an open educational resource for this course: an interactive, online, and free textbook designed to meet the learning needs of Macalester students. For beginning students with no previous German language instruction. Three hours per week plus laboratory conversation hour. Every fall. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 102 - Elementary German II

    This course continues the development of listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills, with increasing emphasis on the practice of reading and writing. Students develop creativity and facility with the language using concrete vocabulary within meaningful contexts. Students also continue to explore contemporary German-speaking cultures. Students will work with an open educational resource for this course: an interactive, online, and free textbook designed to meet the learning needs of Macalester students. Three hours per week plus laboratory conversation hour. Prerequisite(s): GERM 101  with a grade of C- or better, or permission of instructor. Every spring. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 110 - Accelerated Elementary German

    A five-credit accelerated course which covers the content and proficiency development normally covered in GERM 101  and GERM 102 . The course, with a separate curriculum for easy independent work, is for students with prior experience with German who need a concentrated review or for students with previous other foreign language background who wish to work at an accelerated pace. Three hours per week plus two conversation laboratory hours. During Spring semester there will be an optional reading and translation lab. Every semester. (5 Credits)
  

  • GERM 174 - Vampires - from Monsters to Superheroes

    Vampires are cyclical. Just a few years ago you ran into them anytime you walked into a bookstore or turned on the TV-just like in Victorian times when Bram Stoker’s famous work emerged from a vampire craze. Vampires have always been popular fodder and will continue to be so, even if and as the image of the vampire shifts dramatically over time. The popularity of vampires has waxed and waned for over a hundred years, partially because vampirism can be used as a metaphor for almost anything-from the plague to sexuality to addiction. We will juxtapose classic tales of vampires as monsters with the more recent generation of vampires. What happened to change our imagination of vampires from monsters into hip, outsider superheroes? And what can the examination of vampires tell us about the context in which they were created? Occasionally offered. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 194 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 203 - Intermediate German I

    This course is designed to help students increase their proficiency in the German language while emphasizing authentic cultural contexts. Through exposure to a variety of texts and text types, students develop oral and written proficiency in description and narration and develop tools and discourse strategies for culturally authentic interaction with native speakers. Cultural topics are expanded and deepened. Three hours per week plus conversation laboratory hour. Prerequisite(s): GERM 102  or GERM 110  with a grade of C- or better, or placement test, or consent of the instructor. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 204 - Intermediate German II

    The course aims to help students attain a comfort level with extended discourse in German within culturally appropriate contexts. Students develop the ability to comprehend authentic spoken German on a variety of topics at length. They develop effective strategies for comprehending a variety of texts and text types. They gain increased facility with extended discourse, such as narrating and describing. Writing in German is also developed so that students can write extensively about familiar topics. Three hours per week plus laboratory conversation hour. Prerequisite(s): GERM 203  with a grade of C- or better, or placement test, or consent of the instructor. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 230 - Green Germany

    Cross-Listed as ENVI 230  

    Germany is famous today as a worldwide leader in discussions about environmental sustainability, green politics, and renewable energy. The term “sustainability” is in fact the translation of the much older German word “Nachhaltigkeit.” In this course, we will explore the development of ecological consciousness in the German-speaking world, with a focus on the relationship between environmental movements and broader cultural and intellectual traditions of thinking about nature. Through the study of visual art, literature, film, scientific texts, and philosophical writings, we will discuss topics such as: the political and theoretical underpinnings of eco-activism in Germany; the specter of disaster in the German environmental imaginary; influential scientific, literary, and philosophical attempts to challenge the division between the human and the nonhuman; and eco-architecture and related efforts to envision and create alternative modes of human-nonhuman coexistence. Taught in English. No previous knowledge required.

      Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 271 - “Dead White Men” in the Era of Antiracism

    Cross-Listed as MCST 271  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. Commenting on the relation between Africa and European philosophy and culture, Kwame Anthony Appiah maintains that the temptation for Africa “to forget Europe is to suppress the conflicts that have shaped our identities; since it is too late for us to escape each other, we might instead seek to turn to our advantage the mutual interdependencies history has thrust upon us.” Appiah’s interracial approach is equally recommendable for the epistemological relation between the European philosophical tradition and contemporary culture-a culture that understands itself as post-ideological and declares any truth to be constructed (except for the inexorable laws of the market). In this culture, we can hear the question: Why should we bother with “dead white men”-who harbored universal truths and a universal self-conscious rational (male and white) subject-now that we understand that truth depends on historical context, that the self is decentered by the unconscious, that identity is constituted by factors such as class, race, and gender, and that truth is interlaced with imagination, ideology, and power? The faultiness of this question consists in presuming a clear-cut distinction or even break between philosophical tradition and contemporary culture, as if the latter had emerged autonomously and had not been shaped in relation and in conflict with this tradition. To gain insight into these mutual interdependencies, both epistemological and racial, in this course we shall pursue a double movement. On the one hand, we shall read closely texts by various “dead white men” as the unconscious (i.e., repressed and, for that matter, possibly all the more powerful) undercurrent of contemporary culture. And on the other hand, we shall read critiques of “dead white men” that point to the racialist unconscious that undergirds their argumentations. Emphasis may be placed on one or several main figures of any period since the early modernity (17th century) (e.g., Descartes, Spinoza, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Heidegger, Sartre, Lacan, Foucault, Deleuze, Derrida) and on their commentators and critics. The course may be offered in different iterations, and under different topics this course may be taken more than once for credit.  Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 273 - German-French Dialogues in Critical Theory: Marx-Freud-Sartre-Lacan

    Cross-Listed as MCST 273  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. This course focuses on the dialogue and mutual influence between the German- and French-speaking traditions of political economy and philosophical and theoretical thought, as it becomes evident in the relations among German Idealism, Phenomenology, Existentialism, Psychoanalysis, (post-)Structuralism, and their productive interconnections in the development of Critical and Political Theory. While becoming familiar with the work of Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Jacque Lacan, as well as the work of relevant thinkers who influenced their thought, we shall be examining the structural and conceptual homologies and differences among political economy, abstract thought, and human subjectivity. The dialogue will include the voices of race and feminist theory (e.g., Simone de Beauvoir, Franz Fanon, Julia Kristeva, Jacqueline Rose). The last part of the course will focus on the relation between these interconnections (among economy, ideas, culture, and the constitution of identities) and the exercise of power in the era of global capitalism, as theorized by thinkers who draw on this German-French-speaking line of thought. French majors and minors may read the French texts in the original and do some writing in French. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 274 - Spinoza’s Eco-Society: Contractless Society and Its Ecology

    Cross-Listed as ENVI 274  and POLI 274  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) has been called the “savage anomaly” of the Enlightenment because his philosophy enables an alternative or ‘hidden’ modernity based on the interdependence of beings rather than their hierarchy. Ever more political theorists, environmentalists, and ecologists are turning to Spinoza’s vision of a nonhierarchical union of nature and society that rejects anthropocentrism as the promise for a more equitable and sustainable life. In this course we shall focus on the foundation of Spinoza’s unconventional thesis: his intertwined conceptions of the human being as part of nature-as opposed to the prevailing notion of the human as an autonomous “imperium” in, yet above, nature-and of society as a continuation of nature-as opposed to the dominant theories of the “social contract” that ground society on its break with, or repression of, nature (Grotius, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant). We shall examine Spinoza’s entailed radical revision in understanding both the “political” and the “environment.” Beyond Spinoza’s Ethics and his Theologico-Political and Political treatises, we shall read major commentators on Spinoza’s ethical and political theory and on his role in environmental ethics and Deep Ecology. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 275 - Theoretical Approaches to European and American Cinema

    Cross-Listed as MCST 275  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. In this course we shall approach films as a medium that, through all of its means (from dialogue to more formal aspects, such as camera angle or editing), raises and attempts to negotiate philosophical, ideological, and political issues and conflicts. We shall be exposed to different methodologies of film analysis while examining: (a) a few representative films of three influential European film movements (German expressionism, Italian Neo-Realism, French nouvelle-vague), as a means of tracing the itinerary of European cinema from an action-oriented to a reflection-oriented practice; (b) the British and later American work of Alfred Hitchcock, as a mode of cinematography that employs the “gaze” as a principle of structural organization; and (c), American films of the 1970’s - 1990’s, as attempts to represent the world of late capitalism.  Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 276 - Marx, the Imaginary, and Neoliberalism

    Cross-Listed as MCST 276 , POLI 276 , and RELI 276  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. Marx’s contribution to the theorization of the function of the imaginary in both the constitution of subjectivity and the mechanisms of politics and economy-usually referred to as ideology-cannot be overestimated. The first part of this course traces Marx’s gradual conceptualization of the imaginary throughout his work-as well as further Marxist theoreticians, such as Louis Althusser, Étienne Balibar, and Slavoj Žižek-while exploring how the imaginary enabled Marx’s discovery of three further crucial concepts: structure, the unconscious, and the symptom, all of which are central in the analysis of culture and ideology. In the second part of the course, we shall focus on the logic and mechanisms of power in contemporary neoliberalism, including the claim that today Marx’s theory is no longer relevant (readings will include Friedrich Nietzsche, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze, Maurizio Lazzarato, McKenzie Wark). Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 277 - Metaphysics in Secular Thought

    Cross-Listed as POLI 277  and RELI 277  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. A widespread tendency in contemporary Western societies is to associate metaphysics with religion, if not with what is often dismissively called the “irrational.” This course will dismantle this myth by reading closely European philosophy and political theory, mostly since the seventeenth century, in their relation to theology and their reception by twentieth-century critical theory. This will allow us to examine the ways in which secular thought emerges not as an alternative to metaphysics-something which thought cannot supersede anyway-but rather as a different way of dealing with the very same metaphysical questions and issues that concern religion, from the meaning of life to the imminence of death, and from (actual or imagined) guilt to the hope for redemption. We shall endeavor to identify the similarities and differences between the ‘secular’ and the ‘religious’ ways, including their respective relations to rationality and their functions in ideology. Readings may include: Aristotle, Talal Asad, George Bataille, Walter Benjamin, Kenneth Burke, Richard Dienst, Emile Durkheim, Michel Foucault, Sigmund Freud, Peter Harrison, Jacques Lacan, Karl Marx, Marcel Mauss, Carl Schmitt, Baruch Spinoza, Alberto Toscano, Max Weber, Slavoj Zizek. Occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 278 - Marx, Religion, and Biopolitical Race

    Cross-Listed as MCST 278 , POLI 278 , and RELI 278   
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. In this course we shall examine the relation of religion to both capital and the modern forms of political power (what Michel Foucault termed biopolitics or biopower), as well as the biopolitical formations of race and racism as means for sustaining power-while discovering the enduring pertinence of Marx’s work in theorizing the above issues. Biopower emerges gradually in secular capitalist modernity as a form of power that legitimizes itself not through its right to “take life” (as in traditional forms of sovereignty) but through its obligation to protect and enhance life. Yet, albeit “secular,” biopower is a form of “pastoral power” (Foucault). We shall explore: the interconnectedness of modern biopower and religion; Marx’s critique of the dominant (Enlightenment) critique of religion and his thesis that the secular state presupposes religion; the colonial and racial constructions of religion; racial capitalism; the biopolitical constructions of race in its relation to social class and other forms of domination; and anti-racist criticisms of both Foucault and Marx. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 279 - Value: The Bad, the Ugly, and the Cheap

    Cross-Listed as MCST 279  
    All readings and class taught in English; no pre-knowledge required. For thousands of years value has been scrutinized in philosophy, art history, and economic analysis, as it cuts across three constitutive aspects of social, cultural, and political life: economy, aesthetics, and ethics. Not only do we have and impose on the world our moral, aesthetic, and exchange values, but these three fields often become difficult to distinguish, as is evident in the slippery flexibility of words that allow us to say as much “this painting is bad or worthless” as “I think this person is bad or worthless,” or “this is a bad, or worthless, remark” and “this is a bad or worthless check.” This course will focus primarily on influential accounts of value in aesthetic theory, while also examining the ways in which aesthetic value demarcates itself from or implicates its moral and economic counterparts, and what the interplays among the three fields entail for aesthetic value. Our readings will focus on the impact of primarily German thought on the formation of modern aesthetic theory-from the early eighteenth century through the Enlightenment and Romanticism to high modernism and the Frankfurt School.  Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 294 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 308 - German Cultural History I: Uniting and Dividing Germany

    This course prepares students with intermediate German language skills for upper-level courses in German Studies through advanced language instruction combined with a critical investigation of important political, social, and aesthetic topics in German cultural history. These topics may include the Wars of Liberation against Napoleon (1813-1815), the 1848 European revolution, the impact of industrialization, the foundation of the German Reich (1870/1871), the economics and philosophical critique offered by socialism, the feminist movement, imperialism and WWI (1914-1918), the aesthetic revolution of modernism in the arts, and the beginning of the Weimar Republic (1918-1933). In the late part of the course, we shall also introduce ourselves to aspects of living on the East side of the wall dividing Berlin (1961-1989). In addition to historical sources, we shall read literary texts and view art and films relating to these topics. Taught in German. Three hours per week plus one hour of intensive language practice. Prerequisite(s): GERM 204  or permission of instructor. Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 309 - German Cultural History II: Ruptures and Remakings of Modern Germany

    This course prepares students with advanced intermediate German language skills for upper-level courses in German Studies through advanced language instruction combined with a critical investigation of important political, social and aesthetic topics in German cultural history from 1933 to the present. Such topics include the debacle of fascism, WWII and the Holocaust, the tension between consumer culture and Vergangenheitsbewältigung in the West Germany of the 1950s, the theory and practice of collectivism in East Germany, the significance of the Wall, political upheaval and terrorism in West Germany, German unification, multiculturalism, environmentalism, and sustainability. In addition to historical sources, students read literary and autobiographical texts, view films, and investigate examples of material culture from a variety of periods. Conducted in German. Three hours per week plus one hour of intensive language practice. Prerequisite(s): GERM 204  or permission of instructor. Every spring. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 316 - Reading Marx

    Cross-Listed as PHIL 216  
    For Marx, “private capital” is an oxymoron - a contradiction in terms, since by its very nature capital is social. And “philosophy” is really not a thing, at least not the way it’s always been defined, since the world of ideas has no existence independent of the material conditions of human existence. In this course, we will try to recover the revolutionary force of these arguments with a focus on what they show us about the illusory or fantastic character of modern life. From the early critique of alienation to the late analysis of surplus value, Marx showed over and again how the so-called rational world is not as rational as it seems: specters, fetishes, deceptive appearances, “false consciousness” are just some of the features of life under capital that Marx exposes and that continue to haunt our world (just think of how we appeal to the “magic of the market,” its “invisible hand” or to “creative destruction”). We will read selections from Marx’s early writings on religion and alienation through the theory of ideology, of commodity fetishism, and of primitive accumulation to his late programmatic texts in tandem with texts by 20th-century thinkers who critiqued and further developed Marx’s thought (Lukacs, Gramsci, Lefort, Derrida). Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 363 - Cyborgs, Puppets and Borderline Humans

    “We are all cyborgs,” Donna Haraway tells us: fabricated hybrids of machine and organism, and increasingly so in the digital age. In this course, we will explore the porous boundary between the human and the parahuman in literature, film, and popular culture. Robots and androids, puppets and marionettes, living statues and Doppelgänger, prosthetic devices from artificial limbs to canes and eyeglasses are just some of the phenomena that inhabit and traverse the border between wo/man and machine, the natural and the artificial. How does culture figure the border between the human and its others? How does this border shift through history? How are parahumans gendered? How natural and how artificial is gender? Texts by Goethe, E.T.A. Hoffmann, Heinrich von Kleist, Irmgard Keun, and Yoko Tawada; films and television series from Ernst Lubitsch to Tatort; documents on artificial intelligence, transhumanist politics, and the history of toys. Taught in German. Prerequisite(s): GERM 308  or GERM 309 ; or completion of Macalester’s or another approved study abroad program; or permission of the instructor. Offered fall term of even-numbered years. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 364 - Migration, Then and Now

    Like few other countries, Germany exemplifies how the migrant is the political figure of our time (Thomas Nail), exploding our image of “national” culture and putting flight and movement, rather than citizens and the state, in the focus of cultural scholarship. In this course, we will explore the political reality and the cultural imaginary of diverse forms of migration to and from Germany since the 19th century. Topics include: African “Vertragsarbeiter” in the GDR; refugees and asylum in Germany today; Hannah Arendt’s critique of human rights; literature by migrant authors (Yoko Tawada, Zé do Rock, Tomer Gardi); German migration to the US in the 19th century; films by and about migrants (Fatih Akin, Christian Petzold); the “Willkommenskultur” in 2015 and its aftermath. Taught in German. Prerequisite(s):   or GERM 309 ; or completion of Macalester’s or another approved study abroad program; or permission of instructor. Alternate fall semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 365 - A Kafkaesque Century

    Cross-Listed as ENGL 235  

    Taught in English; there is an optional German component for those who want to have the course count toward their German-taught courses. In this case, students must do the reading and writing assignments and some of their oral presentations in German.

    What does the internationally (mis)used word “kafkaesque” actually mean? This course approaches Kafka’s work both as a case for literary analysis and as one that offers insights into modernism. In one way or another, Kafka sheds light on massive industrialization, bureaucratization, the commodification of art, the destabilization of patriarchy, and the development of technology and media, as well as on the question: what is literature itself. In addition to a selection of Kafka’s fiction, we shall read Crumb and Mairowitz’s graphic version of Kafka’s life and work, allowing students to produce their own graphic group project.  Alternate spring semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 366 - Cinema Studies

    Cross-Listed as MCST 266  

    Taught in English; there is an optional German component for those who want to have the course count toward their German-taught courses. In this case, students must do the reading and writing assignments and some of their oral presentations in German.

    Cinema Studies is a film course with a special emphasis on some aspect of German culture relating to cinema, such as German film production, film adaptations of German literary texts, or the representation of German history in world cinema. While familiarizing students with the methodologies of film analysis, the course focus may vary from a historical or genre survey to a particular concept (such as representations of gender, race, nationality) to a cross-section between film and other texts. Students will gain insight into film as an aesthetic, ideological, and political medium, and into specifics of German history and culture. Students may register more than once in this course, provided a different topic is offered.  Alternate spring semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 394 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 488 - Senior Seminar

    Designed as a capstone experience in German studies, the seminar brings together fundamental questions engaged by the field of German studies, and enhances students’ understanding of the theories and methodologies informing contemporary scholarship. Part of the seminar will be devoted to study of an aspect of German studies; students will then conduct independent research, which will serve as the basis of class discussions during the latter part of the semester. Changing topics may include: Constructing National Identity; Radicalism and Conservatism in Modernism; Goethe’s Faust ; Centrality and Marginality in German Culture; Translingual Interventions: Migration and Cultural Identity in Contemporary Germany, Stardom and Charisma. Taught in German. Prerequisite(s): One of the following:   or GERM 309  or GERM 363  or GERM 364  or GERM 365  or GERM 366 , or Study Abroad Every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 494 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 601 - Tutorial

    Limit to be applied toward the major or will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GERM 602 - Tutorial

    Limit to be applied toward the major or will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GERM 603 - Tutorial

    Limit to be applied toward the major or will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GERM 604 - Tutorial

    Limit to be applied toward the major or will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 611 - Independent Project

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GERM 612 - Independent Project

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GERM 613 - Independent Project

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GERM 614 - Independent Project

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 621 - Internship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GERM 622 - Internship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GERM 623 - Internship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GERM 624 - Internship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 631 - Preceptorship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GERM 632 - Preceptorship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GERM 633 - Preceptorship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GERM 634 - Preceptorship

    Limit to be applied toward the major will be determined in consultation with the department. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • GERM 641 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • GERM 642 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • GERM 643 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • GERM 644 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor and department chair. Every semester. (4 Credits)

History
  

  • HIST 111 - Making Modern Europe

    Curious about Brexit? Or the colonial origins of European racism? Ever wondered “why the French don’t like headscarves”? Have you asked yourself what it might have been like to live on a continent divided by an Iron Curtain? Do you want to know more about the origins of Europe’s migrant “crisis”? In this history-of-the-present course, you’ll learn how to do historical detective work to better understand the world we live in today. Instead of a traditional European history survey with exams and lots of dates to memorize, think of this as “un-survey” course where the goal is to challenge and re-think traditional narratives about Europe’s past. We’ll focus on asking questions, delving into historical sources, and making arguments. We will devote ample class time to developing research and writing skills and we will work together to support each other as a community of scholars and fellow humans. This course fulfills the “post-1800” requirement for the history major. It counts towards the “Europe” geographic field and the “Colonization and Empire,” “Gender,” and “Race and Indigeneity” thematic fields. Alternate fall semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 113 - Time Travelers: Tourism in Global History

    This course explores the history of tourism in the modern world from a global perspective. We will consider how tourists engaged with transnational processes like world war, decolonization, and global economic shifts that allowed for the slow and uneven democratization of leisure travel over the course of the twentieth century. We will also investigate the ways that racism and other forms of discrimination have become deeply embedded in global travel networks and infrastructure. Over the course of the semester we will “visit” a wide range of locales, traveling from the United States and its Pacific empire to Antigua, the Soviet Union, and Peru. As we “tour” the globe, we will contemplate a range of transportation options, including the role that cars, trains, and planes played in shaping the evolution of global tourism. Meets the global and/or comparative requirement for the history major and can count towards the “Colonization and Empire,” “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Global/Comparative” fields. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 114 - History of Africa to 1800

    A study of the history of Africa before 1800, this course covers the major themes relating to the development of African societies and cultures from the earliest times. Students will engage with themes of state-building, trade and religion as catalysts for change and learn how historians have reconstructed the history of early Africa. This course will provide students with knowledge of specific case studies from North, South, East, West, and Central Africa. Meets the pre-1800 requirement, and can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Africa & Atlantic World” fields. Every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 115 - Africa Since 1800

    This course is designed to introduce students to the history of Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It examines major themes relating to change in the colonial period such as European conquest and imperialism, the development of the colonial economy, African responses to colonialism and the rise of nationalist movements that stimulated the movement towards independence. Students will examine these themes by applying them to case studies of specific geographic regions of the continent. Meets the post-1800 requirement, and can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Law and Social Justice” or “Africa & Atlantic World” fields. Every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 121 - The Greek World

    Cross-Listed as CLAS 121  
    This course surveys the political, economic, and cultural development of the peoples of the ancient Greek world from the late Bronze Age through the Hellenistic era. Students will hone their critical thinking skills while working with translations of ancient literature, archaeological remains and works of art. The basic structure of the course is chronological, but we will examine major themes across time and space, which may include the interaction between physical landscape and historical change; rule by the one, the few and the many; the nature and development of literary and artistic genres; the economic, military, and/or cultural dimensions of empire; or the intersections of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, slave/free status and civic identity in the Greek world.  Meets History Department pre-1800 requirement. Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 122 - The Roman World

    Cross-Listed as CLAS 122  
    This course introduces students to the Roman world, which at its height stretched from Britain to Iran, from Germany to Africa, and lasted well over a thousand years. Students will develop critical thinking skills while working with Roman literature in translation, art, architecture and other archaeological remains. The structure of the course is chronological, but we will examine major themes across time and space, which may include the development of Roman literature out of and in response to Greek culture; the effects of the civil wars and the resulting political change from a republic to a monarchy; the cultural, religious and/or military aspects of the Roman empire and its immediate aftermath; Roman conceptions of gender, sexuality, slave and free status, citizenship and/or ethnicity, and how these social categories were used to legitimize or exercise power. Meets History Department pre-1800 requirement. Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 125 - Influential Indians: A Biographical Approach to American Indian History

    This course introduces students to American Indian history through the biographical studeis of famous (and not-so-famous) American Indians. From athletes to activists, warriors to writers, and political pundits to performers, American Indians were and are a driving force in shaping not only their worlds but the world around them. The historical and contemporary aspects of American Indians’ political sovereignty, cultural preservation, and economic development underscore their agency and highlight their resistance to federal Indian policy. Using a variety of primary and secondary sources written by and about American Indians, students will develop their critical reading skills while fostering their historical research and writing abilities. Occasionally offered. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 137 - From Confederation to Confederacy: US History from Independence to the Civil War

    In the Plan of Union prepared during the 1754 “Albany Convention,” Anglo-American colonists met to consider uniting as a loose confederation for their common defense and to ally with the Iroquois confederacy. That plan failed, but a later experiment in unity succeeded when the united colonies declared independence. Nevertheless, social, cultural, and ideological differences persisted, and the union formed in 1776 was tried and tested before finally fracturing with the secession of South Carolina, precipitating the Civil War. In the intervening years, Americans grappled with how they should govern themselves, who should be included in the polity, and how society should be organized. Reformers considered the controversial issues of women’s rights, the role of Native Americans within the US, and the place of slavery in a nation founded on the precept that “All men are created equal.” This course covers the periods of the French and Indian War, the American Revolution, the early national and antebellum periods, before concluding with the Civil War. It also considers the global causes and consequences of the war and the rise of the new United States. We will also analyze the construction of the myth and historical memory of Alexander Hamilton, the founding father who has captured the imagination of people in the modern U.S.  Through a study of the recent biography of Hamilton along with the music and stage production of Hamilton, we will consider both the biographical and mythical Alexander Hamilton in order to understand his era and our own. Can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Law and Social Justice,” or “North America” fields. Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 140 - Introduction to East Asian Civilization

    Cross-Listed as ASIA 140  
    This course introduces the cultures and societies of China, Japan and Korea from the earliest times to the present day. Primarily an introductory course for beginners in East Asian civilization, this course considers a variety of significant themes in religious, political, economic, social and cultural developments in the region. Meets global and/or comparative history requirement. Can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Law and Social Justice,” or “Asia” fields. Every fall. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 149 - First Encounters

    This introductory course invites you to reflect on how past peoples have confronted the other and the alien. How do we behave in the intense moments of first encounters with substantially different people? What are the patterns, pitfalls or unspoken protocols? Case studies we will consider may include first meetings between Vikings, Spaniards, Englishmen, and Native Americans (1000, 1500s and 1620s), missionaries and native peoples in Canada and Africa (1600-1700), Dutch merchants and Chinese warlords (mid-1600s), Europeans and Australian aborigines (late 1700s), doctors and Goliath pygmies (early 1900s), and humans and extraterrestrials (1950-present). In revisiting these moments, we will practice four mainstays of academic conversation. We will read closely and critically, and often quickly and widely, for the purposes of scholarly analysis; we will respond to and make use of the work of others; we will draft and revise texts; and we will make our writing public. These skills are applicable across disciplines and outside of college, but this course focuses on them through the particular lens of History. Class assignments are designed for you to become familiar with the conventions followed by professional historians, culminating in a final assignment where you will present your own original interpretation of a firsthand report of encounter. For the History major, this counts towards the “Colonization & Empire,” “Global/Comparative” and “pre-1800” thematic fields. Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 154 - African Life Histories

    In this course we will learn about African history through the stories that Africans themselves have told about their own lives. We will use oral history, songs of West Africa’s griots; slave narratives; political autobiographies; theatre and film to explore the personal narration of lived experience. To guide our class discussions we will also consult scholarly essays about life history as a genre, to help us understand the methodology behind the production of these important texts. Class activities will include seminar discussions, writing workshops, a field trip and intermittent background lectures. Each student will carry out an individual research project on their topic of choice. Can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Africa & Atlantic World” fields. Offered annually. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 164 - Global Health Histories

    How can history help us understand the landscape of global public health today? This “history of the present course” will help you situate contemporary global health topics in a broader historical perspective and show you how skills from the “historian’s toolkit” can be instrumental in helping us build better public health systems. “Global Health Histories” is organized around three topic-focused mini-units. Possible topics include: pandemics; disease control and eradication; racism and health; vaccines and vaccine hesitancy; health and colonialism; international and regional health organizations; Communist health systems; public health in film and literature; family and child health; and the intersections between public health and eugenics and/or population control. In the fourth unit, students will design and execute independent research projects on a topic of their choice. We will devote ample class to developing research and writing skills and we will work intentionally to build a supportive and inclusive scholarly community. We welcome Community and Global Health concentrators, including folks without previous history experience. For History majors, this course meets the global and/or comparative requirement and can count towards the following fields: “Race and Indigeneity;” or “Law and Social Justice,” or “Global/Comparative.” 

      Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 168 - Introduction to Gender History

    This introductory course will use a global/comparative approach to introduce students to the ways that historians think about gender. Students will engage with a wide variety of historical sources, including memoirs, poems, novels, art, film, and photography and will engage with a range of theoretical approaches. This course will emphasize critical reading skills and will also introduce students to the basic tenets of historical research and writing. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 170 - History of Childhood

    Cross-Listed as WGSS 170  
    This course examines the history of childhood and youth in the United States. The historical voices and perspectives of childhood that we study will pay close attention to the significance of race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexuality, time periods, and social settings. Some questions we will consider relevant to the study of history: Do children have agency? What is the role of children as subjects in history? How has childhood been socially and historically constructed? Why are children such galvanizing social and political symbols? How is identity shaped in childhood and what impact does this have on adult society at certain historical moments? Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 180 - Going Global: The Experiment of World History

    What broad patterns do we see repeated across human cultures and eras? How do current international concerns shape the way we perceive these patterns, and retell the past? This course is an introduction to the youngest and boldest experimenters in the discipline of history: global historians. We follow these trail-blazers to every corner of the planet and across the grandest expanses of time, all the way from the emergence of Homo sapiens to present day. Such a sweeping survey of human history invites us to look beyond chronological, national, cultural and geographic boundaries. It also forces us to sharply rethink the methodology of traditional historians. Throughout our critical survey of world history we will assess the usefulness (and potential outdatedness) of the concepts of civilization, empire, revolution, and global networks. This course fulfills the global/comparative requirement for the major. Meets the global and/or comparative history requirement, and can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Environment,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Global/Comparative” fields. Every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 181 - Introduction to Latin America and the Caribbean

    Cross-Listed as LATI 181  
    This course offers a general survey of the complex and heterogeneous region we somewhat reductively term Latin America. It follows a roughly chronological approach, beginning with the eve of encounter and continuing through the contemporary era. Discussions will consider themes such as the institution and legacy of colonialism, the search for new national identities, and the onset of modern racial and political strife. The course will emphasize the import of global economic, political, and cultural trends on the formation of the region. Meets the global and/or comparative history requirement. Can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Latin American/Caribbean” fields. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 194 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 201 - History of U.S. Feminisms

    Cross-Listed as WGSS 201  
    This is an introductory course about the history of U.S. feminism as it was articulated and experienced in the United States from roughly 1800-1970. We will focus on not only on the experience of those who worked for the cause of women’s rights but also the ideologies at home and abroad that influenced feminist thought. In so doing, we will interrogate the myths about feminism and the backlash against it that are central to the history, culture, and politics of the United States. This course is especially concerned with the multiple and contradictory strains within feminism. Topics that the class will consider include: the roots of feminism as it took shape in the anti-slavery movement, the overlap of women’s rights and the civil rights movement of the twentieth century, and the women’s health movement, among others. Can count towards “Gender,” or “North America” fields. Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 209 - Civil Rights in the United States

    Cross-Listed as AMST 209  
    The course examines the post-World War II Civil Rights Movement led by African Americans in the United States.  In the class, students will analyze key people, issues, events, and debates within movement history, including, but not limited to, gender and leadership; struggles for civil rights in the south, west, and urban north; the impact of the Cold War on race relations; student activism; movement strategies; and the emergence of Black Power.  Throughout the semester, students will read a wide variety of primary and secondary texts to illuminate the activities and life stories of individual participants as well as the broad historical forces that characterized this long era of insurgency.   Can count towards “Gender,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Law and Social Justice,” or “North America” fields. Every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • HIST 213 - Women in African History

    The objective of this course is to explore the role that women have played in the development of African history and to understand the major issues that define their experience as women from this region of the world. This course introduces students to the ways in which gender is studied in African history and to the major “break-through” works on women in African history. An important component of this course is the study of life histories of women from various geographical regions of the continent. Can count towards “Colonization and Empire,” or “Gender,” or “Race and Indigeneity,” or “Africa & Atlantic World” fields. Alternate years. (4 Credits)
 

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