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College Catalog 2013-2014 [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Courses

 

Asian Studies
  

  • ASIA 276 - The Great Tradition in Japan before 1853

    Cross-Listed as  
    A survey of the major political, social, religious, intellectual, economic and artistic developments in Japan from earliest times to the opening of Japan in the 1850s. It also examines Japan’s relations with its close neighbors, Korea and China. Alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 277 - The Rise of Modern Japan

    Cross-Listed as  
    Japan’s rapid industrialization in the latter part of the nineteenth century, and its phenomenal rise as the number two economic power in the world after the devastation wrought by World War II, have led many scholars to declare Japan a model worthy of emulation by all “developing” nations. After an examination of feudal Japan, this course probes the nature and course of Japan’s “amazing transformation” and analyzes the consequences of its strengths as a nation-state. Considerable study of Japanese art, literature, and religion will be undertaken and American attitudes toward the Japanese and their history will also be examined. Every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 294 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 340 - Living on the Edge: The Asian American Experience

    The Asian American experience will be used to examine the role of cultural heritage in how one views oneself, one’s own ethnic group and the dominant culture. This interdisciplinary course consists of experiencing the art, reading the literature and history, and discussing the current issues of several Asian American communities. Topics include the role of women, stereotype, racism and assimilation. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 378 - War Crimes and Memory in East Asia

    Cross-Listed as  
    This course’s main goal is to introduce evidence of the major crimes and atrocities during World War II in East Asia such as the Nanjing Massacre, biochemical warfare (Unit 731), the military sexual slavery (“comfort women”) system, the forced labor system, and inhumane treatment of POWs. The course will also help students understand the contemporary geo-political and socio-economic forces that affect how East Asians and Westerners collectively remember and reconstruct World War II. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 394 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 494 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 611 - Independent Project

    Juniors and above may pursue an independent research project under the supervision of a faculty member in or associated with Asian Studies. Prerequisite(s):   and two other courses related to Asia and permission of instructor must be obtained prior to the start of the semester. Junior or Senior standing. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 612 - Independent Project

    Juniors and above may pursue an independent research project under the supervision of a faculty member in or associated with Asian Studies. Prerequisite(s):   and two other courses related to Asia and permission of instructor must be obtained prior to the start of the semester. Junior or Senior standing. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 613 - Independent Project

    Juniors and above may pursue an independent research project under the supervision of a faculty member in or associated with Asian Studies. Prerequisite(s):   and two other courses related to Asia and permission of instructor must be obtained prior to the start of the semester. Junior or Senior standing. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 614 - Independent Project

    Juniors and above may pursue an independent research project under the supervision of a faculty member in or associated with Asian Studies. Prerequisite(s):   and two other courses related to Asia and permission of instructor must be obtained prior to the start of the semester. Junior or Senior standing. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 621 - Internship

    Sophomores and above may extend their learning beyond Macalester by working for an organization or institution related to Asia, usually in the Twin Cities. Prerequisite(s):   and permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 622 - Internship

    Sophomores and above may extend their learning beyond Macalester by working for an organization or institution related to Asia, usually in the Twin Cities. Prerequisite(s):   and permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 623 - Internship

    Sophomores and above may extend their learning beyond Macalester by working for an organization or institution related to Asia, usually in the Twin Cities. Prerequisite(s):   and permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 624 - Internship

    Sophomores and above may extend their learning beyond Macalester by working for an organization or institution related to Asia, usually in the Twin Cities. Prerequisite(s):   and permission of instructor. Work with Internship Office. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 631 - Preceptorship

    Students may be invited by a faculty member in Asian Studies to assist in the preparation and teaching of an Asian Studies course. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 632 - Preceptorship

    Students may be invited by a faculty member in Asian Studies to assist in the preparation and teaching of an Asian Studies course. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 633 - Preceptorship

    Students may be invited by a faculty member in Asian Studies to assist in the preparation and teaching of an Asian Studies course. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 634 - Preceptorship

    Students may be invited by a faculty member in Asian Studies to assist in the preparation and teaching of an Asian Studies course. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Work with Academic Programs. Every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 641 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Instructor permission required. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor (1 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 642 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Instructor permission required. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor (2 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 643 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Instructor permission required. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. (3 Credits)
  

  • ASIA 644 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. Instructor permission required. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. (4 Credits)

Biology
  

  • BIOL 112 - Origins

    Life! It is everywhere on Earth, from the poles to the equator, from the deepest oceans to the tallest mountains, from frozen ice to boiling hot springs. Over the last 3.6 billion years, living organisms on Earth have evolved and adapted to almost every imaginable environment. In this course we will journey back to the beginning of the story and explore the major originations and transitions of life on Earth, from the origin of life itself to the development of flight, flowering plants, and the return of land-dwelling organisms to the sea. This is a course about evolution on a grand scale, set on the Earth’s remarkable stage. Counts toward a biology minor. Three lecture hours per week. Offered most years. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 116 - Community and Global Health: Biological Paradigms

    Community and global health discourses reside at the intersection of biology and geography - from health issues in local communities to transnational health problems and solutions in the era of globalization. Students in this course use the framework of biological mechanisms to analyze case studies of urgent public health challenges such as current and emerging infectious diseases, environmental toxicants, epidemics of chronic inflammatory diseases, public health genomics, nutrition, and maternal and child health. We explore the complex interplay of biological, social, cultural and political factors in the ways in which our local and global communities access this fundamental human right. Regular guest speakers from Twin Cities community health organizations bring our focus to local community health action. This course counts toward a minor in Biology but not toward a major in Biology. Three lecture hours per week, plus lab. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 117 - Women, Health and Reproduction

    Cross-Listed as WGSS 117 
    This course will deal with those aspects of human anatomy and physiology which are of special interest to women, especially those relating to sexuality and reproduction. Biological topics covered will include menstruation and menopause, female sexuality, conception, contraception, infertility, abortion, pregnancy, cancer, and AIDS. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, hormone therapies, and genetic engineering technologies will be discussed. Not open to biology majors. This course fulfills 4 credits in the science distribution requirement and counts toward the biology minor, but not toward the major. Three lecture hours per week. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 144 - Lakes, Streams and Rivers

    Cross-Listed as ENVI 144 .
    Minnesota, the land of 10,000 lakes, is also home to numerous streams and rivers. In this course we will examine the nature of these aquatic ecosystems; exploring their ecology, geology and chemistry. We will also investigate human impacts through such practices as agriculture, urbanization and industrialization, on these important ecosystems. Students will complete projects exploring various aspects of local waterbodies, especially the Mississippi, Minnesota, and St. Croix Rivers. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 194 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 255 - Cell Biology and Genetics Laboratory Methods

    An intensive exploration of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structure, chemistry, and function with an emphasis on laboratory methods, data analysis, and experimental design. Using the same tools used to advance our understanding of modern cell biology and genetics, this lab requires students to become familiar with a mixture of biochemical, cytological, and genetic techniques as they develop testable hypothesis related to topics such as enzyme function, inheritance patterns, genome structure and gene expression, and cell-to-cell signaling. Corequisite(s): BIOL 260 - Genetics  or BIOL 265 - Cell Biology . Offered every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 260 - Genetics

    An introduction to the principles of genetics, including topics from classical Mendalian concepts to the contemporary molecular biology of the gene. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 111  or concurrent enrollment in CHEM 111 , CHEM 112 ,or CHEM 115 . Offered every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 265 - Cell Biology

    An introduction to the molecular and cellular processes of living organisms. Special attention is paid to problems faced by living cells in the acquisition of energy, growth and repair, reproduction and communication with other cells. Recent advances in biotechnology are also discussed.Three lecture hours. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112  or CHEM 115 . Offered every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 270 - Biodiversity and Evolution

    An introduction to the diversity and history of life. This course surveys the major groups of organisms (their morphology, physiology, reproductive cycles) and their evolutionary origins and relationships. Using recent findings from such diverse fields as molecular phylogenetics, developmental biology, and paleontology, this course introduces students to the major branches on the tree of life. Three hours lecture and one three-hour lab each week. Offered every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 285 - Ecology

    Cross-Listed as ENVI 285 
    An introduction to the study of ecological theory and processes. The subject of this course is the natural world and the current and past processes that have shaped it.  Taking a systems approach, major ecological patterns and processes are described and proposed underlying mechanisms are investigated through readings, field and laboratory studies. The impact of humans on natural systems is also examined. Three hours lecture and one three-hour lab each week. Offered every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 294 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 342 - Animal Behavior/Ecology

    A study of animals in their natural habitats. This course takes an evolutionary approach to the study of animal behavior. Through lectures, field trips, readings and discussions, students are introduced to current ideas and research methods in the field of behavioral ecology. In addition, students will become familiar with many of Minnesota’s birds and mammals.Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 270  and BIOL 285 . Offered every spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 344 - Aquatic Ecology

    The study of freshwater organisms and their environments. Students are introduced to the ecology of lakes, streams, and ponds, especially those of Minnesota. Through lectures, field trips and laboratory experiments, students will learn to identify aquatic plants and animals and will study their interactions. Additional topics include water chemistry and environmental pollution of freshwater systems. Three lecture hours and one four-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):   or ENVI 285 . Offered most fall semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 345 - Field Botany

    A study of the evolution, ecology, geography, and taxonomy of vascular plants. Students learn the principles of plant classification and, through first hand experience the techniques of plant identification, collection, and preservation. Through field trips, students will become familiar with many of the local trees, wildflowers, and ferns. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): For biology majors: BIOL 285 ; for others: permission of the instructor. Offered most fall semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 346 - Biogeography

    The study of the geography of nature. Lectures and discussion of scientific literature from this emerging interdisciplinary field will focus on topics such as the latitudinal diversity gradient (i.e. why are the tropics so diverse?), biodiversity hotspots, glaciation, plate tectonics, conservation biogeography, and patterns of dispersal in marine habitats. Ecological and historical approaches will be integrated. Each student will write a major peer-edited review paper on the topic of his/her choice. Three hours of lecture/discussion per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 270  and BIOL 285 . Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 351 - Biochemistry I

    Cross-Listed as CHEM 351 
    A study of biological processes at the molecular level with an emphasis on the chemistry of biological molecules, elements of physical biochemistry, the structure of proteins, the mechanisms and kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions, and selected topics in intermediary metabolism, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 212 ,  ,  , and  , or permission of the instructor. Offered every fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 352 - Biochemistry II

    Cross-Listed as CHEM 352 
    A continuation of BIOL 351. A study of biological processes at the molecular level with an emphasis on the metabolism of amino acids, nucleotides, the regulation of biochemical pathways, and topics in molecular biology such as gene replication, the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, and recent advances in genomics and proteomics.Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  or   or permission of instructor. Offered every spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 353 - Advanced Genetics

    An in-depth study of the principle of modern genetics, this course will examine topics which range from Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns to the concepts and practices of molecular biology. Among other topics, there will be discussions on human genetics, the human genome project, and the application of genetic principles in genetic counseling. Three lecture hours. Prerequisite(s):  ,  ,  , and CHEM 211 . Offered alternate years. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 355 - Virology

    This seminar course will focus on the molecular biology of viruses, including prions and retroviral vectors. Topics will include bacterial, plant and animal viral infection and replication cycles, morphology, oncogenesis, and virus-host interactions. Viruses of epidemiologic and biotechnological importance, including new and emergent viruses, will be emphasized. Students will read current literature, lead class discussions and prepare a research proposal. Prerequisite(s):  ,  ,   and junior or senior standing. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 356 - Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

    A study of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the biological basis of behavior. While particular emphasis is placed on the molecular and cellular components of the nervous system, these components are the foundation for the analysis of various systems. Discussion topics may include the role of neurotransmitters, neuromodulators and receptors in learning and memory, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease and drug addiction. The laboratory will be used to introduce major research techniques in neurobiology. These techniques will be used in independently designed research projects. Three lecture hours and one four-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):  ,  ,  , CHEM 211 , and BIOL 367  or PSYC 248  or permission of instructor. Offered most years. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 357 - Immunology

    This course is an introduction to vertebrate immunity. Its evolution, cellular and molecular mechanisms, health and disease functions and therapeutic manipulations are explored through approaches including lectures, clinical case studies, extensive reading of the primary literature, problem-solving and an intensive focus on scientific writing. The course typically includes a civic engagement component where students work with health organizations and schools in the Twin Cities area. The course laboratory uses guided exercises and independent projects to focus on current immunological techniques including flow cytometry, magnetic cell sorting and antibody assays. Three hours of lectures and four to six hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112 , BIOL 255 , BIOL 260 , BIOL 265 , and junior or senior standing. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 358 - Microbiology

    This course is an introduction to the subdisciplines of microbiology: virology, bacteriology, immunology, parasitology and mycology. Emphasis is given to our efforts to understand and control microbial growth processes. Additional focus will be on the effect of microbes on humans, especially as relates to disease processes. The laboratory emphasizes determinative microbiology. Three hours of lecture/discussion and four to five hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):  ,  ,  , or permission of instructor. CHEM 211  recommended. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 359 - Chemical Biology

    Cross-Listed as CHEM 359 .
    Our understanding of the molecular bases for biological processes has advanced in tandem with our ability to manipulate chemical structures in the laboratory. Progress in these two fields has led to an intellectual convergence, in which scientists 1) use the tools of chemistry to manipulate biological systems and 2) take inspiration from biological designs to address chemical problems. Such approaches have been given the name “chemical biology, ” and represent some of the most fertile ground for discoveries in chemistry and biology over the past decade. This course will rely heavily on current chemical biology research literature to introduce students to recent developments in the field, with examples drawn from metabolic engineering, protein design, and directed molecular evolution. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 352  or  . Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 360 - Neuroanatomy

    The structure and function of the vertebrate nervous system, with a focus on the human nervous system, will be explored through analysis of human brain specimens and sections, and artistic photographic and computer graphic representations of nervous system structures at both the microscopic and systems levels. This course is designed to provide an understanding of both the peripheral and central nervous system with a focus on brain, brainstem, and spinal cord structure and function through observation and study of normal brain tissue and discussion of clinical cases. This course is intended for student with a strong interest in neuroscience. Three hours lecture and one three-hour lab each week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 255  and BIOL 260 . Offered every other year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 361 - Animal Diversity

    An introduction to the science of zoology. Students will become familiar with the major groups of marine, terrestrial, and freshwater animals such as sponges, corals, crustaceans, molluscs, insects, and echinoderms. Through lectures, discussions, field trips, dissections, and laboratory observations of live specimens students will learn to identify animals and understand their anatomy and evolutionary history. Students will complete independent projects involving field collection and identification of local invertebrates. Three hours of lecture and one three-hour lab each week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 270 . Offered every other year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 365 - Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

    Verebrates are among the first animals that come to mind when we consider the diversity of life on Earth. These backboned organism include more than 50.000 living species that range in size from a fish weighing less than an aspirin to a whale that is the largest animal ever to evolve. Vertebrates live in virtually every habitat on Earth and fly higher, swim deeper, and move faster than any other group of organisms. In this course, we will investigate the variety of vertebrate form and function through the lens of evolutionary history and dissection of representative vertebrates. Emphasis is placed on the origin and diversification of the basic vertebrate body plan and the morphological, functional, and evolutionary patterns that result. Three hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of laboratory dissection each week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 270  or permission of instructor. Offered most years. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 367 - Human Physiology

    An introduction to human physiology. The course focuses on the major physiological systems of the human body (e.g., circulatory, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital and the nervous system). A special emphasis is placed on homeostatic mechanisms and the role of the endocrine and nervous system in this process. Lecture/discussion will span the basic structure and function of these systems as well as the underlying cellular mechanisms. Three hours of lecture and one three-hour lab each week. Prerequisite(s):   and  . Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 368 - Plant Physiology

    A study of plant function that focuses on the biochemical, molecular, and cellular aspects of photosynthesis, metabolism, and hormone action. Emphasis will be placed on how these processes are integrated and fine-tuned to allow plants to adapt and function under a variety of environmental conditions. Prerequisite(s):  ,  ,  ,  , and  , or   Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 369 - Developmental Biology

    This course aims to integrate organismal, cellular, genetic and molecular approaches to the study of animal development. We will analyze a diversity of mechanisms, ranging from ones that set up pattern formation in the unfertilized egg to those governing morphogenesis of organ systems. Evolution of developmental mechanisms will also be discussed. The lab component will incorporate both descriptive and experimental embryological techniques. Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory period per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 255 , BIOL 260 , BIOL 265 . BIOL 270  is highly recommended. Offered most fall semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 394 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 472 - Research in Molecular Biology

    Collaborative research with a faculty member focused on understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying developmental and physiological processes in plants and/or animals. This research course requires students to use journal papers as the focus for class reading and critical analysis. Through class presentations, discussions, and intensive bench work, students will become familiar with several research methodologies for isolating and manipulating DNA, for analyzing gene expression, and for studying gene function. Prerequisite(s):  ,  ,  , and permission of instructor. Offered most years. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 473 - Research in Immunology

    This course involves collaborative research with a faculty member on a current problem in immunology. Students participate in intensive reading of primary literature, journal-club style presentations, detailed experimental design and written and oral presentation of proposed research projects. The laboratory component focuses on acquiring independent research skills, gaining technical expertise and carrying out novel research. Three hours of lectures and four to six hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112  or CHEM 115 ,  , BIOL 260 , BIOL 265 , and permission of the instructor. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 474 - Research in Biochemistry

    Students will be given an opportunity to design and execute a research project in biochemistry in collaboration with a faculty member. In addition to extensive laboratory research, readings and discussion of primary literature and writing of both research proposals and scientific papers will be pursued. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 351  and permission of the instructor. Offered most years. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 475 - Research in Neuroscience

    This course offers an opportunity to work with a faculty member on current research in neuroscience. Extensive laboratory research, readings and discussion of the scientific literature related to the research area are undertaken. A research project is selected in consultation with the instructor. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 367 , BIOL 356 , CHEM 211 , Junior or Senior standing and permission of instructor. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 476 - Research in Biodiversity and Evolution

    This course offers an opportunity to work with a faculty member on current research in animal diversity and evolution. Lab periods will be devoted to fieldwork, lab work, and data analysis. Lecture periods will focus on discussion of the scientific literature related to the research area undertaken. Research projects will be undertaken in the fields of population genetics, phylogenetic systematics, or biogeography. Techniques may include field collection of animals, species identification, DNA sequencing, analysis of genetic data sets, and scanning electron microscopy. Three hours of lecture/discussion and three hours of lab per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 270  , BIOL 285 , Junior or Senior standing, and permission of instructor. Offered every other year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 481 - Seminar in Evolution

    An exploration of one of the central organizing ideas of modern biology, the theory of evolution. Topics that will be covered include natural and sexual selection, adaptation, comparative methods, phylogeny, speciation, population genetics, molecular evolution, the origin of life, and others. The course will consist of lectures and discussions based on readings drawn from a variety of sources with an emphasis on primary literature. Three lecture/discussion hours per week. Prerequisite(s):  ,  , and Junior or Senior standing or permission of the instructor. Offered every year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 486 - Seminar in Neuropharmacology

    Cross-Listed as PSYC 386 
    This is an advanced course that will focus on the study of drugs used to alter the central nervous system. The course will begin with basic pharmacological principles and then concentrate on the various uses of drugs to alter brain neurochemistry. Topics for discussion will include the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, depression, pain, anxiety and generally, the neurochemical basis of behavior. In addition to discussion of the use of drugs for clinical purposes, a significant amount of time will be spent on the use of “drugs of abuse” (e.g. cocaine, marijuana, LSD). While the focus of the course will be on the biochemical mechanisms of these drugs, an effort will be made to investigate and discuss the sociological ramifications of drug use. Three discussion/lecture hours per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 356  and Junior or Senior standing or permission of instructor. Offered every other year. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 487 - Seminar in Immunology

    This seminar course focuses on a particular topic of current interest within immunological research, such as cancer immunology, transplantation biology, allergy, autoimmunity and vaccine development. The course meets in a journal club format with weekly roundtable discussions of primary articles and secondary reviews in the area of study and emphasizes close and critical reading of experimental literature. Students will participate through discussion, written and oral presentation of critiques of the readings, and a final individual project. Three discussion hours per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 357  and permission of instructor. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 489 - Senior Seminar

    A weekly class consisting of a variety of activities, including career guidance and invited presentations by professionals who speak on a wide range of biologically related topics.  As part of the seminar, students complete their Senior Presentation, a multiple-draft paper written over the course of the semester accompanied by a 15 minute seminar on the paper’s topic.  Satisfactory completion of the Senior Presentation is a required to receive credit for the Senior Seminar, which all majors must complete to graduate with a Biology major. Prerequisite(s): Senior standing. Offered every spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 494 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 611 - Independent Project

    This is an opportunity for students to do independent study or research on a biological topic. This may be done in the department under the direct supervision of a faculty member; it may be done at another college or university or similar institution under direct supervision; or in certain circumstances it may be done off campus with minimal direct supervision. Given the nature of independent projects, students need to demonstrate they have the necessary academic background, including appropriate coursework, in the area they are interested in pursuing before an independent will be approved. The independent may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer. Offered every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 612 - Independent Project

    This is an opportunity for students to do independent study or research on a biological topic. This may be done in the department under the direct supervision of a faculty member; it may be done at another college or university or similar institution under direct supervision; or in certain circumstances it may be done off campus with minimal direct supervision. Given the nature of independent projects, students need to demonstrate they have the necessary academic background, including appropriate coursework, in the area they are interested in pursuing before an independent will be approved. The independent may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer. Offered every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 613 - Independent Project

    This is an opportunity for students to do independent study or research on a biological topic. This may be done in the department under the direct supervision of a faculty member; it may be done at another college or university or similar institution under direct supervision; or in certain circumstances it may be done off campus with minimal direct supervision. Given the nature of independent projects, students need to demonstrate they have the necessary academic background, including appropriate coursework, in the area they are interested in pursuing before an independent will be approved. The independent may be undertaken during a semester or over the summer. Offered every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 614 - Independent Project

    This is an opportunity for students to do independent study or research on a biological topic. This may be done in the department under the direct supervision of a faculty member; it may be done at another college or university or similar institution under direct supervision; or in certain circumstances it may be done off campus with minimal direct supervision. Given the nature of independent projects, students need to demonstrate they have the necessary academic background, including appropriate coursework, in the area they are interested in pursuing before an independent will be approved. The independent may be undertaken during a semester or during the summer. Prerequisite(s): Required special section for students conducting research during January of their senior year for 2 credits and permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 621 - Internship

    This is an opportunity for students to work with professionals in the biological field outside of academia. Students will work with a faculty sponsor and their site supervisor to develop a set of learning goals, strategies to meet these goals, and methods of evaluation for the internship, including the nature of the final product. An internship is an excellent way for students to apply knowledge learned in the classroom and laboratory, to learn more biology, and to explore career options. The internship may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer and must encompass at least 35 hours of work (equal to 2.5 hours per week). S/D/NC grading. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 622 - Internship

    This is an opportunity for students to work with professionals in the biological field outside of academia. Students will work with a faculty sponsor and their site supervisor to develop a set of learning goals, strategies to meet these goals, and methods of evaluation for the internship, including the nature of the final product. An internship is an excellent way for students to apply knowledge learned in the classroom and laboratory, to learn more biology, and to explore career options. The internship may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer and must encompass at least 70 hours of work (equal to 5 hours per week). S/D/NC grading. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 623 - Internship

    This is an opportunity for students to work with professionals in the biological field outside of academia. Students will work with a faculty sponsor and their site supervisor to develop a set of learning goals, strategies to meet these goals, and methods of evaluation for the internship, including the nature of the final product. An internship is an excellent way for students to apply knowledge learned in the classroom and laboratory, to learn more biology, and to explore career options. The internship may be undertaken during a semester or during the summer and must encompass at least 105 hours of work (equal to 7.5 hours per week).  S/D/NC grading. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor.  Offered every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 624 - Internship

    This is an opportunity for students to work with professionals in the biological field outside of academia. Students will work with a faculty sponsor and their site supervisor to develop a set of learning goals, strategies to meet these goals, and methods of evaluation for the internship, including the nature of the final product. An internship is an excellent way for students to apply knowledge learned in the classroom and laboratory, to learn more biology, and to explore career options. The internship may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer and must encompass at least 140 hours of work (equal to 10 hours per week). S/D/NC grading. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 641 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. The independent may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 642 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. The independent may be undertaken during a semester, during January, or during the summer.  Honors students are required to register for a 2 credit honors independent during January of their senior year. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 643 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. The independent may be undertaken during a semester or during the summer. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (3 Credits)
  

  • BIOL 644 - Honors Independent

    Independent research, writing, or other preparation leading to the culmination of the senior honors project. The independent may be undertaken during a semester or during the summer. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Offered every semester. (4 Credits)

Chemistry
  

  • CHEM 111 - General Chemistry I: Structure and Equilibrium

    This course offers a rigorous, foundational treatment of atoms and molecules. We study the nature of chemical bonding and how bonding gives rise to the three-dimensional structure of matter. We explore how the macroscopic properties of substances can be interpreted in terms of atomic and molecular structure. We also learn mathematical and conceptual tools for quantifying chemical equilibrium, with an emphasis on the reactions of acids and bases. Laboratory work reinforces concepts in lecture, and also provides a review of fundamental topics, such as stoichiometry, gas laws, and solution-phase reactions, that are essential for future course work in chemistry. Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week. Lab fee of $12 required. Prerequisite(s): None Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 112 - General Chemistry II: Energetics and Reactivity

    This course provides an intuitive, yet rigorous, understanding of how energy is stored and transferred in chemical systems. We start with the behavior of individual atoms and molecules (using the foundation of atomic and molecular structure laid in CHEM 111, and then build up to the macroscopic concepts of thermodynamics. We focus on free energy as a powerful tool for predicting physical and chemical behavior. We then apply our understanding of energetics to electrochemical systems and the rates of chemical reactions. Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week. Lab fee of $7 required. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 111  with a grade of C- or better, or satisfactory performance on a placement examination. Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 115 - Accelerated General Chemistry

    This course combines topics from both CHEM 111 and CHEM 112 and is meant to be an accelerated one-semester version of General Chemistry. The course begins with a rigorous treatment of atomic and molecular structure, and explores various modern models of chemical bonding. These ideas are applied to a thorough discussion of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics. Conceptual and mathematical methods for quantifying chemical equilibrium are also explored, with particular emphasis on the chemistry of acids and bases. Three lectures and one three-hour laboratory per week. Lab fee of $12 required. Prerequisite(s): AP CHEM score of 4 or 5, IB CHEM score of 5,6 or 7 or satisfactory performance on a placement examination (administered during Orientation Week). Some knowledge of calculus is recommended. Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 120 - CSI Macalester

    From the Sherlock Holmes stories before radio to the serial broadcasts of mysteries and whodunits during the mid-twentieth century to the current popularity of television’s CSI: Crime Scene Investigation , society has demonstrated an abiding interest - regardless of the technological mode of delivery - in the entertainment value associated with the application of systematic, scientific, analytical thinking in the course of criminal investigation. May high-profile cases from real life have captured public attention as newspaper columnists and radio and television pundits report and pontificate on such cases, especially the physical evidence. The Lindberg kidnapping and the O.J. Simpson trial created stunning examples of public theatre driven by a widespread desire in people to know the facts and try the case in their own minds. Whether in an entertaining work of fiction or through an untidy twist of everyday life, forensic science serves as the fulcrum upon which collection and analysis of physical evidence lead ultimately to testimony in a courtroom. Of course, in contemporary terms the word physical is essentially a euphemism for chemical or molecular . Paradoxically, the public fascination with forensic science stands largely in opposition to the public distrust and fear of all things chemical. In this course we will work towards developing thorough, molecular level understanding of the foundations of modern forensic science. In appropriate measure and as a function of scheduling, readings, problem sets, case studies, hands-on analytical analyses, guest lecture visits, and field trips may be used to guide our study of modern forensic science. Fall semesters as a First Year Course. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 194 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 211 - Organic Chemistry I

    This course develops a broad understanding of the theoretical concepts of organic chemistry. Molecular orbital theory and valence bond resonance theory are invoked to describe and explain the ramification of covalent bonding in organic molecules, as well as to rationalize fundamental noncovalent associations. Thermodynamic considerations of 3-dimensional molecular shape are discussed. Contemporary instrumental techniques for the assignment of molecular structure are a key focus. Modern mechanistic theory of organic chemical reactions is developed in the context of acid-base, nucleophilic substitution, elimination, and electrophilic addition reactions. Three lectures, four hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 112  with a grade of C- or better or CHEM 115  with a grade of C- or better Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 212 - Organic Chemistry II

    This course further develops the theoretical concepts of organic chemistry, and helps students to develop an ability to propose plausible synthetic pathways to organic molecules. Particular focus is on nucleophilic addition, electrophilic substitution, free radical, and pericyclic reactions. Three lectures, four hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 211  Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 222 - Analytical Chemistry

    This course uses key concepts of chemical equilibrium and structure to solve problems in chemical analysis. Lecture and laboratory work provide both the theoretical foundations and practical training in classical methods (gravimetric and volumetric analysis), atomic and molecular spectroscopy, and chromatography. Statistics and error analysis are also emphasized throughout the course. Three lectures, four hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112  with a grade of C- or better or CHEM 115  with a grade of C- or better Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 252 - Research Methods in Organic Chemistry

    This course develops understanding of computation, advanced NMR and mass spectrometric techniques as applied to research efforts in organic chemistry and related fields, such as pharmaceuticals, materials science, supramolecular synthesis, and crystal engineering. Three lectures per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 212  with a grade of C- or better and permission of the instructor Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 294 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 300 - Chemistry Seminar

    Presentations on current topics in the molecular sciences by campus visitors, as well as by Macalester students and faculty. Students may be expected to prepare for the presentations by reading, and in some cases, discussing the work of a speaker in advance of his/her seminar presentation. Chemistry majors will make two oral presentations over four semesters. All students will submit a written synopsis for three seminar presentations each semester. One hour per week. Prerequisite(s): Junior or Senior standing Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 311 - Thermodynamics and Kinetics

    This course covers topics in macroscopic physical chemistry dealing with the bulk properties of matter and energy. These topics include the properties of gases, the First and Second Laws of thermodynamics and their application to physical and chemical systems, phase and chemical equilibria, rates of reactions and chemical kinetics, and x-ray diffractometry. Three lectures and three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112  or CHEM 115 , PHYS 227 , and MATH 137 . Student must earn a grade of C- or higher in prerequisite course(s). Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 312 - Quantum Mechanics and Spectroscopy

    This course covers topics in microscopic physical chemistry dealing with the structural and energetic properties of individual molecules. These topics include the foundations and applications of quantum mechanics, electronic structure and bonding, computational chemistry, molecular symmetry, group theory, rotational, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy, and statistical mechanics. Three lectures and three hours lab per week. Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 112  or CHEM 115 , PHYS 227 , and MATH 237 . Student must earn a grade of C- or higher in prerequisite course(s). Spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 320 - Computational Chemistry

    Computation plays a key role in chemical research today, with many articles in the literature using computer modeling to make predictions of chemical behavior and to interpret experimental results. Arguably the most powerful subfield of computational chemistry is quantum chemistry-the application of quantum mechanics to atoms and molecules. This course has the following goals: (1) introducing the basic concepts of quantum chemistry; (2) illustrating the power and limitations of different quantum chemical methods; (3) providing opportunities to apply quantum chemistry to a variety of systems. The emphasis throughout the course will be on the use of computers to make predictions, instead of the mathematics and physics underlying quantum mechanics. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 212  (Organic Chemistry II) with a grade of C- or better, or permission of the instructor. Offered alternate spring terms. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 351 - Biochemistry I

    Cross-Listed as BIOL 351 
    A study of biological processes at the molecular level with an emphasis on the chemistry of biological molecules, physical biochemistry, structure of proteins, mechanisms and kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reactions, and introduction to intermediary metabolism, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 212 ,  ,  ,   or permission of instructor. Student must earn a grade of C- or higher in prerequisite course(s). Offered every fall semsester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 352 - Biochemistry II

    Cross-Listed as BIOL 352 
    A continuation of BIOL 351. A study of biological processes at the molecular level with an emphasis on the metabolism of amino acids, nucleotides, the regulation of biochemical pathways, and topics in molecular biology such as gene replication, the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, and recent advances in genomics and proteomics. Three lecture hours and one three-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):  BIOL 351  or   permission of the instructor. Student must earn a grade of C- or higher in prerequisite course(s). Offered every spring semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 359 - Chemical Biology

    Cross-Listed as BIOL 359 
    Our understanding of the molecular bases for biological processes has advanced in tandem with our ability to manipulate chemical structures in the laboratory. Progress in these two fields has led to an intellectual convergence, in which scientists 1) use the tools of chemistry to manipulate biological systems and 2) take inspiration from biological designs to address chemical problems. Such approaches have been given the name “chemical biology, ” and represent some of the most fertile ground for discoveries in chemistry and biology over the past decade. This course will rely heavily on current chemical biology research literature to introduce students to recent developments in the field, with examples drawn from metabolic engineering, protein design, and directed molecular evolution. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisite(s): BIOL 352  or   . Student must earn a grade of C- or higher in prerequisite course(s). Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 361 - Advanced Organic Chemistry

    Selected topics in organic chemistry, including stereochemistry, reaction mechanisms, modern methods of organic synthesis and spectral methods of identifying organic compounds. Laboratory emphasis on spectral, chromatographic and synthetic methods. Prerequisite(s): CHEM 212  with a grade of C- or better. Alternate fall semesters. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 394 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 411 - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

    This course examines how modern theories of chemical bonding are applied to an understanding of the chemistry of the elements of the periodic table. Students explore chemical structures, reactions and spectra on the basis of molecular symmetry and group theory. Topics covered include chemical periodicity, coordination compounds, and organometallic complexes.Three lectures and three hours of laboratory per week. Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 312  with a grade of C- or better, or permission of the instructor. Fall semester. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 471 - Research in Molecular Spectroscopy

    Collaborative research with a faculty member on a current problem in the field of molecular spectroscopy. Students will use modern laser technology to record and then analyze electronic spectra of gaseous free radicals. In addition to extensive laboratory research, there will be readings and discussion of the primary literature. Prerequisite(s):  CHEM 312  with a grade of C- or better, or permission of the instructor. Offered occasionally. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 494 - Topics Course

    Varies by semester. Consult the department or class schedule for current listing. (4 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 611 - Independent Project

    Laboratory and library research on an original problem, usually with a thesis. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Every semester. (1 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 612 - Independent Project

    Laboratory and library research on an original problem, usually with a thesis. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Every semester. (2 Credits)
  

  • CHEM 613 - Independent Project

    Laboratory and library research on an original problem, usually with a thesis. Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor. Every semester. (3 Credits)
 

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